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Music making and Islamic law as a problem of methodology

The relationship of Islamic law to the performance and listening of music is one of the most difficult topics. Modern literature explains it by the presence of numerous and contradictory sources, as well as the lack of clear guidelines in the Quran and the Sunnah. Let's try to figure out why Western European science translates the five—pronged evaluation system of Islamic law into the Aristotelian contrapositional opposite of "permissible-neutral-forbidden"? What is the logic of Islamic jurists in making judgments? Why don't lawyers talk about music, musicians, and instruments, and the conclusions of law schools don't converge to a single denominator? Finally, what does the universalist approach to the question of music composition and Islamic law mean when translating sources?